One of the drug compounds that are currently becoming more the trend because of the use of amphetamines that are abused. These drugs are among the most widely used to get a hallucinogenic effect. Of course, with usage above the maximum dose

Amphetamine was first synthesized in the late 1920s and introduced to the practice of medicine in 1936. Dextroamphetamine is a leading member of the group even though many other amphetamines and amphetamine substitutes such as methamphetamine, penmetrazin, methyl penidat dams are introduced next. The number of amphetamine analogues with psychoactive effects continue to multiply. The main group of new members was 2.5-4-metilamfetamin dimetoksi, and entry list currently includes methamphetamine (MDA) and metilendioksimetamfetamin (MDMA).


Amphetamine and its derivatives namely MA (methamphetamine) and MDMA (methylene-dioxy-meth-amphetamine), included into the class of psychotropic drugs that have a strong stimulant effect. In medical science amphetamine used to treat narcolepsy, hiperkinesis in children, and obesity. However, the use of amphetamines for the treatment of overdose can cause dependence and addiction. Therefore the use of amphetamines for therapy is reduced because of the possibility of misuse.

Mechanism of action

Amphetamines stimulate the central nervous system work release catecholamines (epinephrin, norepineprin, and dopamine) in the central synapse and inhibits neurotransmitter release by increasing entecholamin, including dopamine. So that neurotransmitters remain in the synapse with a higher concentration within a period that is longer than usual. All of the nervous system will affect a given excitation.

Clinical effects of amphetamines will appear within 2-4 hours after use. This compound has a half-life of 4-24 hours and is excreted via the urine as much as 30% in the form of metabolites. Metabolite amphetamine hidroksiamfetamin consists of p-, p-hidroksinorepedrin, and penilaseton.

because of the short half-life effects of this drug is relatively fast and may soon terekskresikan, it is becoming one of its own difficulties for testing against the user, when testing was conducted more than 24 hours, the number of secondary metabolites in the urine contained very little and can not be longer be detected by KIT.

Abuse

Abuse of amphetamines began in the 1940s, in which chemicals are present in large quantities as inhalers used for nasal decongestants. One pattern of abuse of amphetamines is called, Äúlari, Äù, namely the repetition of intravenous injection conducted himself to get, Äúserangan, Äù (a reaction like an orgasm) followed by a sense of euphoria and mental preparedness are strong. The pattern of abuse of amphetamines has been developed which shaped crystal methamphetamine (ice) sucked, at smoke that delivers a bolus to the brain, like with intravenous administration. Because the service life of methamphetamine is much longer, intoxication may last for several hours after smoking one time.

Amphetamine poisoning generally occurs because of abuse to cause dependence. Characterized by increased alertness and confidence, euphoria, behavioral ekstrovet, talkative, talking fast, lose the desire to eat and sleep, tremors, dilated pupils, tachycardia, and severe hypertension, can also cause excitability, agitation, delusions, paranoia, and hallucinations with violent behavior.